Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common diseases in the world. Despite all its complexity, there are methods that can greatly facilitate a person's life. First of all, you need to follow a certain diet.
If you adhere to a properly prescribed diet, then diabetes will not affect overall well-being in any way, and in addition, the likelihood of various types of complications, including heart attack, stroke, etc. , Ulen.
Types of diets
The diet for diabetes is determined depending on the type of disease itself and the age category. So there are general principles for building proper nutrition, which are regulated based on the individual indicators of the human body.
Since it is impossible to cure the disease, a certain menu is set to reduce the risk of it. Eating the right food at a clearly defined time is essential for:
- reducing the risks of chronic and acute complications,
- maintaining good health and relatively strong immunity,
- preventing or losing weight,
- keeping blood sugar levels within acceptable limits.
There are two types of diabetes. The first, in other words, is called insulin dependence. Its development is associated with damage and death of cells located in the pancreas and responsible for insulin production.
With it, food is intended to preserve the process of insulin therapy and is rather an additional method of disease control. His principles are similar to those followed by healthy people in achieving a good figure and well-being.
The main difference is the need to calculate the amount of carbohydrates. Since the treatment for type 1 diabetes consists of taking insulin, you need to monitor what percentage of the daily diet is given to carbohydrates. As a rule, it should not be more than 60%.
Since type 2 diabetes, which is also insulin-independent, develops in obese people, then, accordingly, diet is paramount. In the initial stage of the disease or mild, the issue is to rationally get rid of excess weight.
When diabetes of this type reaches a moderate or even severe form, then in addition to diet, medications are prescribed to lower blood sugar, or insulin. It is worth noting that in such cases, you should also pay special attention to physical activity. Thanks to them, a problem such as obesity can be solved without surgery.
The most popular diets are the so-called tables 8 and 9. The eighth diet table is applicable to those who are overweight or tend to be overweight. The ninth is taken as the basis for determining the diet for diabetics.
Diet number 9 for diabetes
Diet no. 9 is considered curative and is prescribed to normalize metabolism (carbohydrates). It also aims to prevent disorders related to fat metabolism. Its caloric content should not exceed 2500 kcal.
Such a diet is characterized as follows:
- caloric content should be reduced by eating animal fats and easily digestible carbohydrates (except sweets and sugar),
- partial reduction or complete elimination of cholesterol and salt,
- consuming more vitamins and fiber,
- protein content should be within the normal range.
All healthy diets, including the ninth, are based on getting the right food. You should eat often and in small portions. In total, the frequency should be 5 or 6 times a day.
Fried or boiled foods should be eaten as little as possible or forgotten altogether. In the first place it must be baked and boiled. It's best to design a menu for the week, as it will make it easier to keep track of it. Special preference should be given to the following products:
- lean meat
- lean fish
- vegetables containing not more than 5% carbohydrates,
- fruit (not all),
- sugar-free natural drinks.
As for spices and eggs, their consumption should be limited. This is especially true for egg yolks. The amount of protein per day should not exceed 1. 5 pieces. Aside from the fact that it is necessary to exclude sweets from the menu for diabetes, pasta, pasta and puff pastry, pickled vegetables are also prohibited.
Bananas, dates, figs, grapes and all its derivatives should not be consumed categorically. The same goes for fats like pork, lamb and beef. To get the necessary fats, you need to eat butter (without salt) and vegetable oil in moderation.
Diet number 9 is the basis used in naming the necessary food. Depending on the personal indicators of the person with diabetes, it is adjusted. There are different types of diets that you can combine and find the one that suits you.
What is the bread unit?
Since the point of proper nutrition for diabetics is to consume carbohydrates in a certain amount, then you need to know how that loving rate is determined, on which it depends how much and what foods you should eat.
All products, which include carbohydrates, have different physical properties and calories. These characteristics are not subject to the usual measurement method. Moreover, nutrition in diabetes mellitus requires increased control over their daily intake.
To make it easier to determine how much you need to eat this or that product and not to go beyond what is allowed, nutritionists have introduced the term "bread unit". The concept is used in cases where a diabetic is prescribed insulin intake.
With such a measured unit, it is much easier for a person to understand what can be eaten and drunk, and what not. He designs his healthy menu based on personal indicators, and can also change some foods for others that contain carbohydrates.
As a rule, a person should consume from 18 to 25 such units per day. Since there should be five meals, it makes sense for this amount to be distributed rationally at all times. The main "dose" should enter the body in the first half of the day. To keep track of the number of units of bread consumed, you can write yourself a daily menu.
How many calories per day should be consumed?
The diabetes diet requires the rejection of many foods and dishes that may have previously been included in the daily diet. However, you should not confuse food that allows you to normalize sugar levels with what is needed to lose those extra pounds.
Nutrition for type 1 diabetes aims to accurately calculate the amount of insulin needed. The caloric content in this case does not play such an important role. It should be monitored so as not to gain weight.
The type 2 diabetes diet requires increased control of calorie intake, as it often develops in the presence of obesity. However, it is also not worth taking their number to fanaticism.
The number of calories per day is calculated depending on individual body indicators. The diet itself should be low in carbohydrates, but does not imply a complete lack of carbohydrates. You should eat full, but it is important not to overeat.
When the question arises as to what you can eat with type 2 diabetes, many believe that you should almost sit on bread crumbs and water. This is absolutely impossible. The diet should be complete, containing vitamins and fiber.
There are various recipes for delicious, satisfying and at the same time healthy dishes that will not allow you to recover, but at the same time a person will be full of strength and energy. What specific foods should be consumed and what is the approximate number of calories per day should be discussed with your doctor.
Useful and unhealthy foods
Low carb diets are different. For a healthy person, they are less stringent than for someone who has been diagnosed with diabetes. But they have the same meaning. They differ in the main list of products, which are divided into healthy and harmful for diabetics.
Helpful
- all kinds of vegetables,
- greens (spinach, sorrel, fennel),
- mushrooms,
- meat and fish (non-fat),
- Coffee and tea,
- Mineral water.
Harmful
Moderate increase in sugar:
- potatoes,
- cereals,
- pasta, including strong varieties,
- dairy products.
Strong increase in sugar:
- sweets,
- heart,
- drinks with added sugar,
- alcohol,
- grapes and their derivatives,
- hot and salty spices.
This product division is generally accepted and is often taken as the basis for menu development for diabetes mellitus. But what is good for one person may prove bad for another. Since everything is relative, an individual diet is prepared for each diabetic.
How to eat for obesity
It is believed that to lose weight, you must adhere to a strict low-calorie diet. But the point is that it does not work. Numerous studies have shown that with a drop in the caloric content of your diet, apart from a constant feeling of hunger, to fainting from hunger, irritability and other things, nothing else happens.
With such a diet, it will be possible to lose weight literally by a few pounds, but if at the same time the body was distinguished by elasticity and good muscles, then that is all that will leave it in the first place. Subcutaneous fat will not go anywhere, and sometimes, on the contrary, it will accumulate even more.
A protein diet involves an active intake of protein and a parallel reduction in the amount of fats and carbohydrates. The approach itself is not bad, but it also has its nuances. Again, it is impossible to overeat protein, and it is completely forbidden to exclude fats from the diet. Lack of carbohydrates will lead to loss of vital energy.
In the end, it all comes down to a low carb diet. By itself, it is necessary to lower sugar. In weight loss, she is not really a savior, but of all the appearances she is the best. Its merit is that all the necessary elements needed to maintain vital activity enter the body.
Thus, when there is a rational amount of natural fats, proteins and carbohydrates, the body does not need to make deposits. Metabolism begins to function as an hour, there is no chronic hunger, the symptoms of the disease practically disappear and the person becomes more active.
Diet for type 1 diabetes
To maintain a healthy body with type 1 diabetes, you need the same low carb diet. But in this case, it has to be strict. Table number does not play a special role here, although diet number 9 is often taken as a basis.
The problem is that the effect of insulin is also very different, so it is quite difficult to normalize the indicators. This is why it is necessary to adhere to a certain diet. The less carbohydrates enter the body, the less insulin is needed.
It should be understood that your diet is related to your personal insulin dose. Therefore, when developing your menu, you should consider the amount of medicine. Better yet plan this day to make tracking easier.
Diet for type 2 diabetes
Since type 2 diabetes is less complex than type 1 diabetes, diet is essential to losing weight and preventing it in the future. Again, a low carb diet is also recommended. Of course, this is a rough diet that is being adjusted. Its meaning is in the normalization of glucose and insulin in the blood, as well as in the control of insulin resistance.
Some people practice taking various diet pills and treatment with folk remedies. You should forget the first one, because at best there will be no meaning from these medicines.
Folk remedies, as a rule, consist of any herbal infusion and decoction. If you really understand medicinal plants, then maybe something will come out of it, but you should not make it the basis of treatment.
Kidney failure
Against the background of the disease, renal failure may develop. It should be understood that it is not caused by dietary protein, as many mistakenly believe, but by high blood sugar levels.
The active development of such a disease is suspended when glucose levels return to normal. For this, diet helps. Protein is not excluded from the diet, but you need to work with carbohydrates. Proper nutrition available to ordinary people can even lead to the fact that the kidneys are completely restored.
However, if the process is taken to the extreme, then there will be no return to healthy kidneys. Moreover, in such a case, a low carbohydrate diet can accelerate the destructive process. In order not to lead to this, you need to monitor your condition, and to control your food, a chart created for yourself will help, where the dishes and insulin doses are set, if necessary.
Other important points
Diabetes can develop at any age. In children, it may occur against the background of the fact that there was an overeating of flour products, sweets. Finding the problem in time and starting to solve it correctly, you can avoid complications.
In women, the disease can occur for a variety of reasons. Constant stress, overeating (mostly unhealthy foods), and inactivity can cause overweight and, as a result, type 2 diabetes.
Very often there is a situation when the disease appeared during pregnancy. This is due to hormonal imbalance. In addition, a woman during this period can actively consume foods that can cause the development of diabetes.
As a rule, there is a less strict diet for pregnant women, which aims to normalize processes in the body and partial weight loss, but at the same time without harming the fetus.
With gestational diabetes or gestational diabetes, strict diet should only be discussed with a specialist. The diet should be adjusted taking into account the fact that there is a parallel development of the fetus. Excluding any product may harm the unborn baby.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops slightly less frequently in men than in women. This is due to the fact that they have a slightly accelerated metabolism. But junk food, alcohol dependence and little physical activity can easily lead to such a problem.